- Umwanditsi, Priya Sippy
- Igikorwa, BBC News
Umunya-Namibia Michelle Nehoya amaze gutanga amafaranga angana na $500 (hafi 1.500.000 mu mafaranga y’Uburundi ku rugero rwo muri banki) mu gusaba uruhusha (viza) rwo kwinjira muri Canada – ariko inyuma y’imyaka ibiri n’ubu ntararuronka.
Uwo mugore w’imyaka 38 aba ku murwa mukuru wa Namibia, Windhoek, arifuza kuja Quebec kuramutsa inasenge (canke nyinabo) n’abana biwe amaze imyaka hafi 10 atabonye.
Kurondera viza bisaba kwuzuza impampuro nyinshi – mu bisabwa vyinshi naho harimwo impapuro za kahise ka konte yawe yo muri banki ku mezi atandatu ya vuba, ikete ry’ubutumire hamwe n’ido n’ido ry’ibihugu vyose wagendeye.
Kubera ata na hamwe ho gusabira iyo viza muri Namibia, vyabaye ngombwa ko aja muri Afrika y’Epfo kugira afatwe amakanda, harimwo gufatwa amakanda y’intoke no gufotorwa.
Ivyo vyama vyashikiye abanya-Afrika baja mu bihugu vya Buraya na Amerika.
Mu 2022, ibihugu 7 kuri 10 mu bifise urugero runini rwo kwimwa viza n’ibihugu vya Buraya vy’akarere ka Schengen vyari ivyo muri Afrika ku bw’ikigo kibikurikirana Henley and Partners.
”Ni birebire cane kandi birababaza. Nta mpamvu n’imwe nahawe y’igituma vyatevye gutyo,” niko Nehoya yabwiye BBC.
Ariko hamwe umuryango wiwe woshaka kuza muri Namibia ukoresheje igitabo c’inzira z’abanya-Canada nta mananiza nk’ayo bohura canke ngo barihe amafaranga angana gutyo. Abanya-Canada baremerewe kuja muri Namibia ata viza bafise.
Ariko ivyo bigiye guhinduka mu mezi umunani.
Kuva mu kwezi kwa kane mu mwaka uza, abanya-Canada co kimwe n’abadagi, abanyamerika n’abongereza hamwe n’abo mu bindi bihugu 29, bazosabwa viza yo kwinjira.
Ivyo bizokora ”ku bihugu vyose bitatugize uko natwe tubigize” – bisigura ko ayo mategeko mashasha ya viza azokora ku banyagihugu baturuka mu bihugu vyose bisaba abanya-Namibia kuba bafise viza.
”Namibia yarerekanye agatima keza no gufata nka nkunzi abanegihugu bo mu bihugu bitari bike. Ariko n’aho utwo twigoro twabaye, ibihugu bimwe bimwe ntivyadusubirije mu nkoko,” niko ubushikiranganji bujejwe abinjira n’abasohoka bwavuze mu kwezi kwa gatanu.
”Kubera ubwo budasa, reta yabonye ko bikenewe ko hashirwa mu ngiro amategeko yo gusaba viza kugira tugere ingere ku yindi mu migenderanire.”
Ariko abagendeye iki gihugu bazoshobora kugura iyo viza y’iminsi 90, igurwa $90, bashitse muri Namibia – bitandukanye n’ibisabwa abanya-Afrika kubanza kuronka viza imbere y’uko bafata ingendo zo kuja muri ivyo bihugu.
Uwuhagarariye Ubwongereza muri Namibia, Charles Moore, yavuze ko yubaha uburenaganzira bwa Namibia bwo gufata amategeko mashasha.
Ubwongereza nta kundi bwarashizeho amategeko yo kwaka viza ku banya-Namibia mu mwaka uheze kubera igitigiri c’abimukira bwariko burakira. Ivyo vyaragira ingaruka ku migenderanire yacu na Namibia,” niko yavuze.
Itangazo rya reta ryarabisguye gusumvya. Rivuga ko habaye ukwiyongera cane kw’igitigiri c’abanya-Namibia basaba ubuhungiro ku mbibe z’Ubwongereza kuva mu 2016.
”Ivyo ni ugukoresha nabi ingingo yo kwinjira mu Bwongereza ku kiringo runaka ku bantu badasabwa viza,” niko ryavuze.
Ku bwa Nehoya, Namibia yari yaratevye gufata ingingo nk’iyo. ”Nibaza ko bwikiye. Vyumvikana ko Namibia iriko irihagararako.”
Abagize ico bavuga ku mbuga hwaniro barahuriza kuri ico ciyumviro.
”Aho vyabereye. Nibaza ko bazobasaba nabo gutanga impapuro zingana na bibiriya, bafatwe ibipimo kwa muganga, [n’uko] bazi kuvuga ururini rwo muri Namibia,” niko umwe yanditse.
Uwundi yavuze ati: ”Niba ntegerezwa kuzana impapuro zo muri banki…n’impapuro z’ubwoko bwose hanyuma iyo viza nkayigura kugira nemerwe kwinjira mu gihugu, ico gihugu naco cari gikwiye kubisabwa uko nyene kugira abaco binjire mu gihugu iwacu,”
Kandi ama viza ya Schengen, Canada na Reta zunze ubumwe za Amerika ntazimputse na gato ku bafise ibitabo vy’inzira vyo muri Afrika.
Ishirahamwe rya Buraya ryinjije amafaranga arenga miriyoni 58 z’ama dorari y’abimwe ama viza bo mu bihugu vya Afrika mu 2023, ku bw’icegeranyo ca vuba ca Lago Collective, ikigo gikurikirana ibijanye n’ubwimukira.
Viza zishobora kwimanwa ku mvo zitandukanye. Ico cegeranyo kivuga ko kenshi zimanwa ku ”makenga yumvikana y’uwusaba visa niba azosubira iwabo”.
Mu kwezi kwa gatandatu mu 2024, igiciro ca viza Schengen y’igihe gito cavuye kuri €80 kija kuri €90 ( €: Ifaranga ry’abanya-Buraya rirenga 3.000 mu marundi) ku bantu bakuze, hanyuma mu kwezi kw’icumi mu 2023, viza y’Ubwongereza yavuye ku £100 ija ku £115 (£: pound, ifaranga ry’Ubwongereza. £115 arenga 420.000 mu marundi ku rugero rwo muri banki).
Ico cegeranyo cerekana kandi ko umwe kuri batatu mu banya-Afrika basavye viza za Schengen bayimwe, urwo rugero rukaba ruri hejuru y’urugero rusangi kw’isi.
Niyo viza zitanzwe, Abanya-Afrika bafata ingendo bavuga ko ibibashikira ku mipaka bibatuma kwumva ko umenga ntibabashaka.
Winnie Byanyima, umukuru wa UNaids akaba n’umunya-Uganda, yarabivuze igihe yandika kuri Twitter mu 2022 ati: ”Ndi ku kibuga c’indege ca Geneve, basa n’abanse ko nurira indege, impauro zose zasuzumwe kenshi kenshi, amaterefone yacanacanyeko… nuriye ubwa nyuma.”
N’ubwo ivyo Namibia yakoze vyakiriwe neza ku mbuga hwaniro, igisata c’ubukerarugendo co ntikivyishimiye cane.
Ishirahamwe ry’abakira abakerarugendo muri Namibia (Hospitality Association of Namibia) ryavuze ko ”ritewe umutima uhagaze cane” n’ubutumwa iyo ngingo ”iha igisata c’ubukerarugendo kw’isi”.
Mu 2022, igisata c’ubukerarugendo cinjije ibingana na 7% vy’umwimbu igihugu cimbura ku mwaka (GDP), bituma kiza ubugira gatatu mu vya mbere vyinjiriza cane ubutunzi – ingenzi nyinshi zikaba ziva mu bihugu nk’Ubudagi na Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Ariko Soni Nrupesh, umuhinga mu bukerarugendo aba i Windhoek, yibaza ko iyo ngingo yerekeye viza itazoca intege ingenzi. ”Nta kizohinduka kinini, urashobora kwurira indege udafise viza.
”Ikizohinduka ni uko ushitse ku kibuga c’indege uzokwuzuza urupapuro, ukariha hanyuma ukinjira”.
Abifuza gutembera nka Nehoya bizeye ko uko kugera ingere ku yindi ari ko kazoza ku bandi bose.
”Abantu baraza muri Namibia kandi bakahakunda. Ariko natwe dushaka kubona ibibera ku rundi ruhande,” niko avuga.
”Vyoryoha gushika muri Canada, Amerika canke Ubwongereza ugahabwa viza ushitse. Ariko gushika ubu utegerezwa kubitegura hakiri cane.”
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