- Umwanditsi, Alice Cuddy & Swaminathan Natarajan
- Igikorwa, BBC News
Mu gihe umushinga wo kohereza abimukira mu Rwanda ari wo wiganje mu mpaka z’amatora yimirije mu Bwongereza, itsinda ry’abimukira ryo rimaze umwaka ryoherejwe yo na leta y’Ubwongereza.
Iryo tsinda ryahagurutse muri Sri Lanka n’Ubuhinde mu 2021, rifata urugendo ruteye inkeke n’ubwato ryizeye kugera muri Canada rigasabayo ubuhungiro. Ntiryahageze ahubwo ryisanze ku kirwa cy’ibanga cy’Ubwongereza kitwa Diego Garcia.
Twagiye i Kigali guhura n’iryo tsinda ngo tumenye ibyo baciyemo. Bemeye kutuganiriza ariko badusaba kudatangaza imyirondoro yabo.
U Rwanda rukomeje kwitegura kwakira abimukira ba mbere mu masezerano rwagiranye n’ubutegetsi buriho mu Bwongereza. Ibi bishobora guhinduka mu gihe ishyaka ritavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi buriho ryatsinda amatora ateganyijwe tariki 04 Nyakanga (7).
I Kigali, umugabo n’umukobwa we uri mu kigero cy’imyaka 20, bo muri iryo tsinda, batwakiriye mu nyubako y’igorofa ibamo n’abandi, yishyurwa n’abategetsi b’Ubwongereza.
Bahunze iwabo muri Sri Lanka aho bavuga ko bakorerwaga ihohoterwa, ririmo urugomo rushingiye ku gitsina, kubera isano bafitanye n’inyeshyamba zitwa Tamil Tiger.
Batubwiye ko aha i Kigali bahamaze umwaka umwe n’amezi atatu.
Bari mu itsinda rito ry’abahawe uburinzi mpuzamahanga, ibi bihita bibaha kwitwa impunzi, nyuma y’uko bageze – by’impanuka – ku kirwa cy’Ubwongereza kiri hagati mu nyanja y’Ubuhinde kitwa Diego Garcia.
“Aha ni mu cyumba cyanjye. Hariya ni mu cyumba cya data,” niko uwo mukobwa ambwira anyereka mu nzu babamo.
Leta y’Ubwongereza yabasabiye kwakirwa n’u Rwanda kugira ngo bahabwe ubuvuzi mu gihe irimo gushaka ahandi hantu ho kubatuza bihoraho. Ariko, kimwe n’abandi bimukira benshi boherezwa mu Rwanda, barashaka kugenda.
Uno mukobwa ati: “Numva ntatekanye, ni yo mpamvu ntashaka kuguma hano mu Rwanda. Ntabwo tujya hanze kuko dutinya.”
Baracyafite ihungabana batewe n’ibyo baciyemo, umunyamategeko wabo avuga ko “bakeneye ubuvuzi bugoye”.
Adusobanurira impamvu yumva badatekanye mu Rwanda, uyu mukobwa yagize ati: “Njyewe na data twarimo tugenda – abagabo bamwe – barebare cyane – bagerageje kumfata ku myanya y’ibanga. Bityo mfite ubwoba.”
Turamubaza duti: “Hano i Kigali?”, ati: “Yego, i Kigali. Inshuro eshatu cyangwa enye umuntu yagerageje kumfata ku myanya y’ibanga ahantu muri rubanda.”
Se, uvuga ururimi rw’igi-Tamil, avuga ko ntacyo yari gukora kuri ibyo. Ati: “Ni inde nari kuregera? Nta bufasha mfite. Abategetsi bagomba kuturengera ntabwo batwumva. Umukobwa wanjye aririra muri kiriya cyumba – nanjye [nkaririra] hano. Mbona byinshi umubyeyi w’umugabo atakabonye.”
Bemera ko nubwo bimeze gutya ubuzima mu Rwanda ari bwiza ugereranyije no kuba mu kigo gifunze ku kirwa cya Diego Garcia, ahakiri abandi bimukira bagera kuri 60.
Uyu mukobwa na se batweretse ubutumwa boherereje imiryango iharanira uburenganzira, abanyamategeko, abategetsi ba cya kirwa cy’Ubwongereza ndetse na Minsitiri w’Intebe Rishi Sunak.
Icyo basaba ni ukoherezwa mu kindi gihugu. Wa mukobwa ati: “Ni indi myaka ingahe leta y’Ubwongereza izakomeza kwica ahazaza hanjye, ubuzima bwanjye, n’ubwisanzure bwanjye? U Rwanda ni gereza ifunguye – rero nibanyohereze mu kindi gihugu gitekanye.”
Umwaka ushize, leta y’Ubwongereza yabwiye BBC ko ubutaka bwayo bwa kure “ntibushobora kuba icyanzu cyo kwinjira mu Bwongereza”. Yavuze ko irimo gushakira ibisubizo iri tsinda.
Turi mu kandi gace gatuje ka Kigali aho twahuriye n’abandi bagabo babiri bavuye kuri cya kirwa cya Diego Garcia. Nabo boherejwe mu Rwanda kuvurwa kubera kwibabaza no kugerageza kwiyahura. Umwe muri bo yatweretse uburyo yagiye yitwikisha itabi ku maboko.
Bavuga ko hano mu Rwanda batabona ubuvuzi bukwiye ku ndwara bafite zo mu mutwe.
Umwe, mu rurimi rw’igi-Tamil, ati: “Ntabwo turimo kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye. Dufite ibibazo byo mu mutwe. Aho tugiye hose tukabwira abaganga ibibazo byacu, bavuga ko nta cyo badufasha – nta muti n’umwe baduha.
“Ibi twabibwiye abategetsi b’Ubwongereza, bakomeza gusubiramo ko ubuvuzi hano ari bwiza, kandi ko baziga ku byo twinubira.”
Abanyamategeko bahagarariye iri tsinda ry’abimukira bavuga ko, mu gihe ikibazo cyabo gitandukanye n’icy’abandi bimukira biteganyijwe ko bazoherezwa ku masezerano y’Ubwongereza n’u Rwanda, ibyo aba bahageze batishimiye, bizamura impungenge ku bushobozi bw’u Rwanda mu guha ubuturo butekanye izi mpunzi.
Undi mugabo muri aba bimukira ati: “Twibaza niba dukwiye gushima Ubwongereza ko bwarokoye ubuzima bwacu ubwo twageraga kuri Diego Garcia – cyangwa niba twabarakarira kubera gushyira ubuzima bwacu mu cyeragati.
“Rimwe na rimwe kurokoka biragora – ariko no kubaho nta bwisanzura biragora kurushaho.”
Abategetsi mu Rwanda bavuga ko iki gihugu gisanzwe gihaye ubuhungiro impunzi nyinshi n’abimukira bavuye mu bihugu bitandukanye.
Ku kibazo cy’aba bimukira bavuye ku kirwa cy’Ubwongereza, Dr Doris Uwicyeza Picard, umukozi wa leta y’u Rwanda ukuriye ishami ry’ubufatanye bw’u Rwanda n’Ubwongereza kuri ubu bwumvikane ku bimukira, avuga ko atewe impungenge no kumva ko abo bantu bafite ingorane.
Ati: “Ni ibiremwamuntu kandi bari mu Rwanda. Binshenguye umutima kumva ko hari umuntu wumva adatekanye muri iki gihugu, cyane cyane mu gihe twakoze cyane ngo igihugu kibe gitekanye kuri buri wese.
“Ni yo mpamvu numva ari ibintu bidasanzwe muri iki gihugu gifite igipimo cy’urugomo kiri hasi cyane, aho buri wese ashobora kugenda amasaha yose ku manywa na nijoro nta nkomyi – ko bakumva badatekanye.”
Uwicyeza avuga ko abimukira bandi bazoherezwa n’Ubwongereza bazafashwa kurushaho, mu buryo butandukanye bwateganyijwe bwo kubatuza. Gusa mbajije iri tsinda rindi ubutumwa ryaha abo bimukira bandi, bose bavuga ikintu kimwe: Ntimuzaze.
Aba bimukira bisanga gute kuri iki kirwa?
Kuva mu myaka ya vuba ishize, abarobyi bo muri Sri Lanka n’Ubuhinde batangiye kugera kure mu nyanja imiyaga ikabatwara bamwe bakisanga bageze kuri iki kirwa kiri mu itsinda ry’ibirwa bita Chagos Islands.
Abaturage bahunga ihohoterwa ritandukanye muri Sri Lanka be n’abashinjwa ko bafitanye isano n’inyeshyamba za Tamil Tiger nabo batangiye kujya bafata amato bakajya mu nyanja ngo bagere mu bihugu bya kure.
Kuri bamwe imihengeri ikomeye hagati mu nyanja izahaza amato yabo bakerekeza ku kirwa cya hafi babonye, nk’uko babibwiye BBC umwaka ushize, bakisanga bari kuri Diego Garcia.
Iki kirwa kigaruriwe n’Ubwongereza, ikintu kiriho ni ikigo cya gisirikare cy’ingabo zabwo, si ahantu ho kwakira cyangwa gutuza abimukira.
Mu 1965 ni bwo Ubwongereza bwigaruriye ibirwa bya Chagos, birimo n’icya Diego Garcia, bubyambuye igihugu bwahoze bukolonije cya Mauritius/ île Maurice, maze bwirukana abaturage bahabaga barenga 1,000 kugira ngo buhashyire ikigo cy’ingabo zabwo.
Mauritius, yabonye Ubwingenge mu 1968, n’ubu ishimangira ko ibi birwa ari ibyayo kandi n’urukiko rukuru rw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rwanzuye ko ubutegetsi bw’Ubwongereza kuri ubwo butaka bugomba kurangira kuko “butemewe n’amategeko”.
Ubwongereza bwanze kumva icyo gitutu cy’amahanga ngo bwinjire mu biganiro kuri ibi birwa – kugeza umwaka ushize ubwo bwemeraga gufungura ibiganiro.
Mu ntambara zo mu myaka yashize, indege z’intambara za Amerika zahagurukiraga ku kigo cy’Ubwongereza kuri iki kirwa zikajya kurasa muri Afghanistan na Iraq.
Iki kirwa kandi cyakoreshejwe nk’ikiswe “black site” ya CIA – ahantu iki kigo cya Amerika cyakoreshaga mu gufunga by’igihe gito no guhata ibibazo abakekwaho iterabwoba.
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