- Umwanditsi, Wycliffe Muia
- Igikorwa, BBC News i Nairobi
Igisekuru gishya kandi gitinyutse cy’urubyiruko rw’abigaragambya rw’Abanya-Kenya cyarigaragaje mu mihanda, gihatira leta kwisubiraho kuri imwe mu mishinga y’imisoro myinshi idakunzwe mu gihugu.
Icyatangiye nk’uburakari ku rubuga nkoranyambaga rwa TikTok bujyanye n’umushinga utavugwaho rumwe ujyanye n’imisoro izafasha ingengo y’imari y’uyu mwaka, cyahindutse imyivumbagatanyo – bidasabye ko itegurwa n’amashyaka ya politike.
Ubutegetsi bwa Perezida William Ruto bwashoboye gukora ibyo ibisekuru by’abanyapolitike babanje batashoboye gukora muri Kenya – gutuma umubare munini cyane w’Abanya-Kenya bunga ubumwe barenze ku moko no ku mashyaka atandukanye.
Ku wa kabiri, abigaragambya babarirwa mu magana bambaye imyenda isanzwe irimo n’iyo gukorana imyitozo ngororangingo, bumva ko Abanya-Kenya n’ubundi basanzwe bakwa imisoro myinshi cyane kandi nta cyo binjiza kigaragara, ntibakanzwe n’abapolisi babateraga imyuka iryana mu maso.
Bakoreye imyigaragambyo mu murwa mukuru Nairobi, batuma ubuzima buhagarara mu gace k’izingiro ry’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi kari mu mujyi rwagati.
Bitwaje telefone ngendanwa zigezweho (‘smartphones’) zabo, batangaje ku mbuga za internet guhangana gukomeye hagati yabo na polisi, muri icyo gihe nyirizina ibyo byabaga.
Guhuza ibikorwa no gukangurira abantu kwitabira iyo myigaragambyo, yiswe “occupy parliament”, cyangwa gufata inteko ishingamategeko, ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda, byakorewe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, bitandukanye n’uko bigenda ku myigaragambyo iyoborwa ikanashorwamo amafaranga n’abanyapolitike.
Abateguye iyo myigaragambyo bashishikarije bagenzi babo bigaragambya kwambara imyenda y’umukara, ariko bamwe bayitabiriye bambaye amakoboyi (jeans) atabuye, n’imisatsi isutse cyangwa yogoshe mu buryo bugezweho mu rubyiruko.
Uru rubyiruko rw’abigaragambya, ruzwi cyane ku izina ry’aba Gen Z – imvugo ishatse kuvuga muri rusange abantu bavutse mu mpera y’imyaka ya 1990 no mu ntangiriro y’imyaka ya 2000 – rwitabiriye ku bwinshi, rusezeranya kugaragaza ko uburakari bwarwo butarangiriye gusa kuri za ‘hashtag’ no kuri za ‘meme’ zo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Uwigaragambya Zaha Indimuli yabwiye abanyamakuru ati: “Turi aba Gen Z, ni twebwe ubwacu twashoboye kwisuganya. Dukoresha TikTok nk’urubuga rutari urwo gutuma gusa urubyiruko ruza kwigaragambya, ahubwo [rukaba] n’urubuga rwo kubigisha impamvu yabyo.”
Benshi muri bo bari barimo kwigaragambya ku nshuro ya mbere, ndetse bazunguzaga ibyapa birimo nk’ibyanditseho ngo “Mwiduhatira Imisoro”, mu gihe abandi bateraga hejuru bati: “Ruto agomba kugenda”.
Ken Makilya, umunyeshuri wiga muri kaminuza w’imyaka 24, yabwiye BBC ati: “Ndi hano nkorera ubucakara igihugu nkunda. Ni bwo bwa mbere ndimo gukora ibi kuko ababyeyi banjye barashaje ndetse ntibagishoboye kubikora.”
Za ‘hashtag’ zakoreshejwe mu kotsa igitutu abadepite no gukangurira abantu kwitabira imyigaragambyo harimo nka “#OccupyParliament” (fata inteko, ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda) na “#RejectFinanceBill2024” (cyangwa kwanga umushinga w’itegeko ry’ingengo y’imari yo muri uyu mwaka wa 2024).
Naserian Kasura, wamagana umushinga w’umusoro ku bikoresho by’isuku yo mu mihango (ubutinyanka mu Kirundi), yagize ati: “Iyi ni imyigaragambyo ya mbere nkoze. Nizeye ko izaba iya nyuma. Nizeye ko ibintu bihinduka nyuma y’ibi.”
Umuhate w’abigaragambya wo kwerekeza ku nteko ishingamategeko waburijwemo, ubwo abapolisi bakoreshaga uburyo bwo kubamishaho amazi menshi mu kubatatanya.
Hanifa Farsafi, amakuru avuga ko ari umwe mu bateguye iyi myigaragambyo, yatangaje ku rubuga nkoranyambaga X ati:
“Twatawe muri yombi ariko ntimutume babageraho, [ahubwo] nyabuneka nimwerekeze ku nteko ishingamategeko.”
Urubyiruko rw’abigaragambya barenga 200 batawe muri yombi ariko nyuma bamwe muri bo bararekuwe, nyuma yuko abanyamategeko babo bagiye kuri stasiyo za polisi aho bari bafungiye.
Muri videwo yahererekanyijwe cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, uwigaragambya w’umukobwa/umugore agaragara yanga kurira mu modoka ya polisi, akumvikana agira ati:
“Nta ho njya, ntabwo nkurikiza ibyo muntegeka, kuki murimo kunta muri yombi?”
Abatarashoboye kujya mu mihanda bafashije mu gukwirakwiza ubutumwa babusangiza (‘share’) abandi mu mafoto na videwo ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Kubera ko nta buyobozi bugaragara iyo myigaragambyo yari ifite, polisi yagowe no kumenya abayiteguye. Abapolisi babujije iyo myigaragambyo bashingiye ku buryo yabaye nubwo abigaragambya bavuze ko ibisabwa byose byakurikijwe.
Ndetse, bitandukanye n’imyigaragambyo yabayeho mbere ishyigikiwe n’abanyapolitike yo kwamagana leta, iyi yo ntiyaranzwemo ubusahuzi, gusenya ibintu no gutera amabuye.
Nta ruhande rwa politiki barimo cyangwa amoko yabo batangaje. Kwari ukwiyemeza gusa kw’abigaragambya ko kugira ngo ijwi ryabo ryumvikane.
Nyuma y’amasaha menshi abigaragambya bateranye, ibiro bya perezida byagaragaye nk’ibigamburujwe n’igitutu, bitangaza ko bizakuraho bimwe mu byateje impaka cyane byo muri uwo mushinga w’itegeko ku misoro, birimo n’umusoro ku nyongeragaciro (TVA/VAT) wa 16% wari uteganyijwe ku mugati.
Mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru cyitabiriwe na Perezida Ruto n’abadepite bo mu ihuriro riri ku butegetsi, Depite Kuria Kimani ukuriye akanama (komite) k’imari mu nteko ishingamategeko yagize ati:
“Twumvise igitekerezo cy’Abanya-Kenya.”
Kimani yongeyeho ko impinduka ku mushinga w’itegeko w’imisoro yo gufasha ingengo y’imari zatewe no kuba hacyenewe “kurinda Abanya-Kenya ikiguzi cy’imibereho cyiyongereye [kiri hejuru]”.
Mbere, leta yari yashyigikiye kuzamura imisoro. Yari yitezwe gukusanya imisoro ya miliyari 2.7 z’amadolari y’Amerika, ivuga ko icyenewe kugira ngo leta igabanye inguzanyo zo hanze.
Indi misoro yari iteganyijwe yakuweho irimo nk’imisoro ku mavuta y’ubuto yo gutekesha, kuri serivisi zo guhererekanya amafaranga kuri telefone ngendanwa n’imisoro ku binyabiziga nk’imodoka. Ababinenga bari bavuze ko byari gushegesha urwego rw’ubwishingizi.
Abadepite ubu barimo kujya impaka ku mushinga w’itegeko uvuguruye, ndetse bitezwe kuwutoraho ku wa kabiri utaha.
Abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, batitabiriye iyo myigaragambyo, barasaba ko uwo mushinga w’itegeko ukurwaho wose uko wakabaye, bavuga ko ari “igihano”.
Indi ‘hashtag’ irimo gukoreshwa n’impirimbanyi ni “#unfollowRuto”, ishishikariza abantu kureka gukurikira Perezida ku rubuga nkoranyambaga rwa X, mu rwego rwo kumwotsa igitutu ngo areke uwo mushinga w’itegeko.
Basezeranyije ko bazakomeza imyiragambyo i Nairobi no mu yindi mijyi kugeza uwo mushinga w’itegeko wose ukuweho.
Mu minsi micye ishize, David Ndii, umujyanama wa Perezida Ruto, yapfobeje mu buryo butarimo ikinyabupfura ibyo bikorwa byo ku mbuga za internet byatangiriye kuri TikTok mu byumweru bibiri bishize, ariko nyuma yuko ku wa kabiri abigaragambya bagaragaje ko bafite imbaraga, yemeye igikorwa bagezeho.
Nyuma yuko imbanzirizamushinga y’iryo tegeko ku misoro itangajwe, abakoresha urubuga rwa TikTok batangiye gutangaza videwo zo kuyisobanura zahererekanyijwe cyane ku zindi mbuga nka WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram na X.
Izo videwo zamaraga iminsi zigihererekanywa cyane, zibifashijwemo n’abakurikirwa cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bo muri Kenya (aba ‘influencers’) na bo bazisangizaga ababakurikira.
Amwe mu mayeri yatumye abadepite babishishikarira, ni urutonde rwa nimero zabo za telefone rwatangajwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, ruherekejwe n’ubutumwa buvuga ngo “Oherereza ubutumwa bugufi [SMS] Depite wawe [uhagarariye akarere kawe]”.
Depite Stephen Mule yabwiye ibitangazamakuru byo muri Kenya ko telefone ye yari yuzuye ubutumwa burenga 30,000 bw’urubyiruko rw’Abanya-Kenya bamusaba kwanga uwo mushinga w’itegeko.
Abandi badepite na bo binubiye ko telefone zabo zari zahindutse nk’izidashobora gukoreshwa kubera umubare w’ubutumwa bari barimo kwakira.
Ibitangazamakuru byo muri Kenya byanagarutse ku biganiro byaberaga ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, bituma ibyo byongerera ijwi imyigaragambyo n’ibibazo bijyanye n’ikiguzi cy’imibereho.
Bamwe bari bashishikarije Raila Odinga – umunyapolitiki wamaze igihe kirekire atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, wamaze imyaka nyinshi ari nka we kirango cy’imyigaragambyo yo kwamagana leta – kutivanga mu myigaragambyo yo ku wa kabiri.
Yarabyemeye, atangaza ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ati: “Uyu munsi ndi umupapa ufite ishema ryinshi! Bagize neza abo bose bagize ubutwari bwo guharanira uburenganzira bwabo!”
Mutuma Mathiu, umunyamakuru ubimazemo igihe kirekire, yavuze ko ibyabaye ku wa kabiri byahinduye imikorere ya politike ya Kenya.
Yagize ati: “Kwamagana politike byabonye imbaraga nshya, ndetse igisekuru gishya kandi gitandukanye cy’Abanya-Kenya babonye ijwi ryabo rirangurura cyane.”
Profeseri Kivutha Kibwana, umwarimu wa kaminuza wigisha amategeko wigeze no kuba guverineri w’akarere, yatangaje ubutumwa kuri X ashishikariza ko habaho ibiganiro.
Yagize ati: “Ikintu kibi cyane leta yakora ni ugutangaza intambara ku rubyiruko rwayo.”
Dr Willy Mutunga, wahoze ari umukuru w’ubucamanza muri Kenya, yavuze ko urubyiruko ku isi rufite umwanzi umwe w'”ibyiciro by’abari ku butegetsi”. Yaburiye ati: “Imyivumbagatanyo irimo gukomanga.”
Leta ya Kenya imaze igihe kirekire ifite ubwoba ko imbuga nkoranyambaga zishobora gukoreshwa mu gushyigikira ukutumvikana, ndetse yasabye ko inzego zigenzura izo mbuga zishyiraho ubugenzuzi bukaze kurushaho.
Ihuriro ry’Abanya-Kenya bakoresha urubuga rwa X rizwi nka KOX, rirazwi cyane mu kwamagana ibibazo runaka, ndetse Kenya ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite abantu bakoresha TikTok cyane ku isi.
Muri Werurwe (3) uyu mwaka, minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu yakangishije kugabanya ikoreshwa rya TikTok, ayishinja gukwirakwiza ibintu bibi.
Ariko abigaragambya ntibateganya gusuna.
Nyuma y’imyigaragambyo yo ku wa kabiri, Indimuli yagize ati: “Nta bwoba dufite… kandi iyi ni intangiriro gusa y’impinduramatwara. Turaje kandi turi benshi.”
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